Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Case study: A 34-year-old girl appeared urgently at 2 o’clock after midnight, after being awakened by a continuous right side of the nose.
During the examination the patient was aware, PA 110/60, Pulse 95, respiratory rate 22, Sp02 98%.
The patient reports having a sinus infection and for whose treatment he has used an antihistaminic nasal spray.

Epistaxis:
• Epistaxis is a frequent complaint
• 60% of the population may have a haemorrhagic episode
from the nose, only 6% will require medical assistance.
• The major part of epistaxis occurs between 2-10
and 50-80 years old.
• Epistaxis is the result of factor interaction
which damage nasal mucous membranes, affect the walls of the vessels
blood or alter blood clotting.
• 90% of cases manage to be managed in an emergency,
only 10% need further assistance
the ORL’s pavilion.

Causes of Epistaxis:
Local Trauma: Nose or Acne Trauma, Foreign Bodies, Sinus Infection, Nasal Sepsis
Environmental: Cold and dry environmental conditions – and more frequent episodes during winter seasons
Medications: Corticosteroids or local antihistamines, anticoagulants, cocaine and nose vessels
Coagulopathy: Hemophilia A and B, thrombocytopenia, liver disease, kidney insufficiency, AIDS, chronic alcoholism etc.

Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
Vascular disorders: Atherovirus malformations, Sclerotic blood vessels, Neoplasms, endometriosis, etc.
Hypertension: Rarely hypertension is the direct cause of epistaxis, however epistaxis is more common in hypertensive people, and blood vessels are weaker in these people. Irrespective of the many causes of epistaxis, literature suggests that in 85% of cases no cause has been found.

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